Risk and Hazard Analysis

8th February 2025

Clydesdale Dairy

Hazard Analysis: Terrain, Water, and Weather-Related Risks

1. Steep and Slippery Slopes (Including Cow Lanes)

Hazards:

• Risk of vehicle slides and collisions, especially in wet conditions.

• Increased danger due to irrigation, rainfall, or recently used fixed grid irrigation.

Control Measures:

• Use quad bikes or tractors instead of utes or two-wheelers when slopes are slippery.

• Avoid no-go areas and assess conditions before proceeding.

• Choose alternative routes if traction loss is possible.

• Always maintain a run-out when traveling on slopes in case of a slide.

• Consider consequences of a slide before choosing a route.

2. Steep Drop Over Pivot Ramp (Paddocks 30 & 31)

Hazards:

• High risk of losing control and going over the drop.

• Dangerous for all vehicle types and pedestrians.

Control Measures:

• Exercise extreme caution when near pivot ramps.

• Avoid the area entirely in low visibility conditions (night, fog, rain).

• If necessary to approach, use a low speed and assess ground stability first.

3. Low Visibility Conditions (Night, Fog, Rain)

Hazards:

• Increased risk of encountering unseen drops, ruts, or obstacles.

• Difficult to assess the stability of the ground.

Control Measures:

• Use headlights and additional lighting when working at night.

• Drive at low speeds and avoid unnecessary travel in dangerous areas.

• Be extra cautious in paddocks known for steep drops or ruts.

• Regularly inspect paddocks for new holes after rain and report them.

4. Uneven, Rough, Soft, or Boggy Ground

Hazards:

• High risk of losing control, collisions, or rollovers.

• Conditions can develop anywhere and at any time, particularly after rainfall.

• Pivot ruts may cause vehicles to tip or become stuck.

Control Measures:

• Regularly inspect and report new holes, bogs, or unstable areas to management.

• Adjust speed based on terrain conditions.

• Avoid areas prone to bogging, especially in heavy vehicles.

5. Water Hazards (Ponds, Drains, Waterways)

Hazards:

• High drowning risk due to soft-bottom waterways and the Waiareka Stream.

• Children under 8 are particularly at risk.

Control Measures:

• Direct supervision of children under 8 by someone over 16 at all times.

• Identify and mark high-risk water areas with warning signs.

• Avoid unnecessary travel near waterways, especially in wet conditions.

6. Flooding Hazards

Hazards:

• Floodwaters create a high risk of drowning, being swept away, or vehicle loss of control.

• Emergency situations may arise where stock rescue is considered.

Control Measures:

• Avoid floodwaters unless it is more hazardous to stay in place.

• Prioritize human safety over stock welfare.

• Plan ahead to move stock to high ground before a flood.

• Use high roads if travel is necessary during flooding.

7. Fire Hazards

Risks:

• Vegetation & buildings: High fire risk due to dry conditions or electrical faults.

• Fuel storage: Diesel and petrol tanks at the dairy shed increase fire and explosion risks.

Control Measures:

• Fire extinguishers: Ensure locations are known and units are regularly checked.

• Water availability: Use high-pressure irrigation offtakes in the irrigation season and dairy shed water tanks.

• Fuel storage safety: Keep flammable materials away from ignition sources.

• Emergency procedures: Train staff in fire response and evacuation plans.

8. Heavy Machinery (Trucks & Tractors)

Risks:

• High collision risk: Large machinery with blind spots.

• Rollovers: Tractors may tip on uneven terrain.

• Visibility issues: Limited sight in poor weather or night conditions.

Control Measures:

• Traffic rules: Keep left on lanes, maintain safe speeds.

• Rotating beacons: Always use if fitted.

• Clear communication: Ensure radio or hand signals are understood.

• Trained operators only: Unauthorized use is prohibited.

9. Milk Tankers (Operating Anytime)

Risks:

• High collision risk: Tankers operate at all hours.

• Limited maneuverability: Hard to stop quickly.

Control Measures:

• Traffic rules: Keep left, reduce speed, stay alert at intersections.

• Visibility aids: Use rotating beacon when moving near tanker routes.

• Scheduled movement awareness: Workers should be informed of tanker arrival times.

10. Worker Awareness & Communication

Risks:

• Unexpected movements: Other workers may be in blind spots.

• Collisions or interference: Actions of others may create hazards.

Control Measures:

• Maintain low speeds: Always expect people to be around.

• Constant communication: Use radios or calls to confirm locations.

• Situational awareness: Never assume an area is clear.

11. Lone Worker Risks

Risks:

• Inability to call for help in emergencies.

• Poor reception may prevent communication.

Control Measures:

• Carry a cell phone: Always have a means of contact.

• Report location & return time: Inform someone before heading to a low-reception area.

• Use texts in poor reception areas: Texts can go through when calls fail.

• End-of-day checks: Managers must confirm all staff return safely.

12. Ladder Safety

Risks:

• Falls from unstable ladders.

• Ladders slipping or tipping.

Control Measures:

• Use alternatives: Scaffolding, cherry pickers, or telehandlers with safety cages.

• Proper ladder use: If required, always have someone holding the base.

13. Working at Heights

Risks:

• Falls from over 1.5m.

• Harness suspension trauma after a fall.

Control Measures:

• Training & equipment required: No work at height without proper training.

• Use secured lifting cages: Attach securely to tractors/telehandlers.

• Rescue plan required: Immediate action needed if a worker falls and is suspended.

• Park pivots on level ground: When conducting repairs at heights.

14. Confined Spaces (Vats & Silos)

Risks:

• Suffocation or entrapment.

• Incapacitation of spotters attempting rescue.

Control Measures:

• Only trained workers allowed.

• Lock out power sources before entry (augers, refrigeration, CIP).

• Qualified contractor requirement: No staff entry without proper certification.

• Rescue plan in place: Spotter cannot attempt rescue without training.

15. Manual Handling

Risks:

• Strains and injuries from lifting heavy objects.

Control Measures:

• Use two-person lifts: For weights over 25kg.

• Calves exception: Handle alone due to awkward shape.

16. Blind Corners & Rises

Risks:

• High collision risk due to poor visibility.

Control Measures:

• Keep left.

• Observe speed limits.

• Use lights/horns when approaching blind areas.

17. Noise Hazards

Risks:

• Hearing loss from prolonged exposure to loud equipment.

Control Measures:

• Wear hearing protection when using chainsaws, mowers, power tools, or tractors without cabs.

18. Chemical Hazards

Risks:

• Explosion, fire, corrosion, or toxic exposure.

• Pregnancy risks from certain chemicals.

Control Measures:

• Store in chemical shed at the shearing shed.

• Follow SDS guidelines.

• Keep chemicals in original containers with warning labels.

• Wear PPE (nitrile gloves, masks, safety glasses, cotton overalls, and gumboots).

• Avoid exposure to hormone treatments, anthelmintics, and herbicides when pregnant.

19. Animal Hazards

Cattle Handling in Yards

Risks:

• Crushing & kicking: High risk in confined spaces.

• Slippery/boggy surfaces: Increased risk of falls and loss of control.

Control Measures:

• Follow WorkSafe guidance on cattle handling.

• Be firm but quiet when working with animals.

• Always have an escape route.

• Stay out of kicking range and remain alert.

• Expect unpredictable movements and reactions.

Bulls

Risks:

• Extremely high risk of aggression.

• Possible severe injury or fatality if charged.

Control Measures:

• Maintain escape routes.

• Never turn your back on a bull.

• Minimize time spent in close quarters.

Children on the Farm

Risks:

• High injury risk from machinery, livestock, and hazards.

• Drowning or exposure to chemicals.

Control Measures:

• Direct supervision at all times.

• Children under 12 not allowed in effluent compound or on machinery.

• Alert parents immediately if a child is found alone.

20. Public Road Hazards

Farm Entrances (Weston-Ngapara, Tussocky, McNally Roads)

Risks:

• High-speed traffic presents a high collision risk.

• Poor visibility and risk of pulling out in front of vehicles.

Control Measures:

• Follow road rules, keep left, and allow faster traffic to pass.

• Take extra care on Weston-Ngapara Rd due to fast-moving traffic.

• When pulling out, account for front-end loader overhang.

Stock on Public Roads

Risks:

• High risk of vehicle collisions with stock.

Control Measures:

• Double-check stock are locked away at night.

• Use warning signs, rotating beacons, and sufficient staff when moving stock.

• Notify the council before shifting stock.

• Ensure stock are well-fed and hydrated to reduce breakout risk.

• Maintain good fence power.

21. Electrical Hazards

Overhead & Underground Cables

Risks:

• High electrocution risk from overhead power lines.

• Risk of striking underground cables when digging.

Control Measures:

• Remain at least 4m clear of overhead wires.

• Look up and live – check wire height before operating telehandlers or excavators.

• Consult management before digging.

• Use Network Waitaki resources for underground cable locations.

Electric Fences

Risks:

• Mild electrocution risk to workers and visitors.

Control Measures:

• Warn visitors not to touch fences.

22. Water Hazards

High-Pressure Water Systems & Irrigation Infrastructure

Risks:

• Medium risk of injury from high-pressure water.

• Associated electrical risks.

Control Measures:

• Isolate electricity and pressure before performing maintenance.

• Ensure proper PPE is used when working with irrigation systems.

Water Blasters

Risks:

• High electrocution risk.

• High-pressure injury hazard.

Control Measures:

• Keep water away from electric pumps.

• Never spray people.

Automated Irrigation Systems

Risks:

• Low risk of injury, but equipment may start unexpectedly.

Control Measures:

• Do not park or leave equipment on pivot tracks or in the path of traveling irrigators.

Overground Pipework (K-Line Hoses)

Risks:

• High risk of falling off two-wheelers due to obstacles.

Control Measures:

• Ride slowly and keep a constant lookout.

Water Troughs

Risks:

• Medium risk – located in paddocks and may be hit by vehicles.

Control Measures:

• Learn the location of all troughs.

• Drive slowly in paddocks.

23. Fire Safety

Fire Extinguishers

Risks:

• Medium risk – high-pressure gas cylinders may be dangerous if mishandled.

Control Measures:

• Handle with care.

• Ensure regular maintenance (every 5 years as per law).

24. General Farm Hazards

Tape Gates

Risks:

• Low risk – elastic cords can snap back, causing injury.

Control Measures:

• Release carefully and avoid standing directly in front.

Offal Disposal & Dead Animals

Risks:

• Pathogen exposure risk.

Control Measures:

• Remain in tractor cabin when handling carcasses.

• Hose down bucket after use.

• Wear PPE when handling decomposing material.

Firearms

Risks:

• High shooting risk if mishandled.

Control Measures:

• Follow the seven rules of firearm safety.

• Only licensed, trained individuals may operate firearms.

• Bolt guns only used by trained operators.

25. Environmental Hazards

Weather (Sun, Rain, Snow, Visibility, Wind, Storms)

Risks:

• High risk of exposure-related health issues.

Control Measures:

• Wear appropriate clothing for conditions.

• Use sunblock and eye protection in high UV conditions.

Bale Stacks

Risks:

• High risk of falling bales causing severe injury.

Control Measures:

• Do not climb on bale stacks.

• Avoid working near unstable stacks.

Silos

Risks:

• High suffocation and fall risk.

Control Measures:

• Do not enter full silos.

• Use a buddy system when entering.

• Only climb silos with harnesses and proper training.

26. Machinery-Specific Hazards

Augers

Risks:

• High risk of entanglement.

Control Measures:

• Never reach into a running auger.

• Turn the tractor off before servicing.

• Do not wear loose clothing.

27. Equipment Hazards & Safety Controls

Angle Grinder

Risks:

• High-speed disc shattering, leading to severe injuries.

• Kickback from improper handling.

• Flying sparks and debris causing burns or eye injuries.

• Electric shock risk if used with damaged cords.

Control Measures:

• Always use the guard—never remove it.

• Wear safety glasses, face shield, gloves, and ear protection.

• Secure the workpiece to prevent movement.

• Use both hands and maintain a firm grip.

• Do not use a damaged or worn-out disc.

Bench Grinder

Risks:

• Eye injuries from sparks and debris.

• Wheel shattering if cracked or improperly installed.

• Hand injuries from getting pulled into the wheel.

Control Measures:

• Wear protective glasses and face shield.

• Keep tool rests adjusted close (1-2mm) to the wheel.

• Use light pressure to avoid overheating the wheel.

• Ensure guards and safety shields are in place.

Drills (Handheld & Drill Press)

Risks:

• Hand injuries from slipping.

• Flying debris causing eye injuries.

• Entanglement with loose clothing.

• Kickback when drilling through tough material.

Control Measures:

• Wear safety glasses and gloves.

• Secure workpieces with clamps.

• Avoid loose clothing, jewelry, or gloves near rotating parts.

• Keep hands away from the drill bit.

Circular Saw

Risks:

• Severe cuts or amputations.

• Kickback causing loss of control.

• High noise exposure.

Control Measures:

• Wear safety glasses, gloves, and ear protection.

• Always use the blade guard.

• Keep fingers clear of the cutting path.

• Use a push stick for small pieces.

Electric Fence Unit

Risks:

• Electrocution hazard if improperly handled.

• Shock risk from damaged wires or improper grounding.

Control Measures:

• Turn off power before maintenance.

• Use insulated gloves when handling live wires.

• Ensure proper grounding.

Air Compressor

Risks:

• Explosion risk if over-pressurized.

• Hearing damage from prolonged exposure.

• High-pressure air can cause serious injuries.

Control Measures:

• Wear hearing protection.

• Drain moisture regularly to prevent corrosion.

• Never point air hoses at people.

Chemicals

Risks:

• Toxic exposure through skin or inhalation.

• Fire/explosion hazard.

Control Measures:

• Wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and a mask.

• Store chemicals in labeled containers.

• Ensure proper ventilation.

Water Blaster

Risks:

• High-pressure water can penetrate the skin.

• Electrocution risk near electrical equipment.

Control Measures:

• Never spray towards people.

• Use waterproof gloves and boots.

• Keep water away from electrical outlets.

Welders (Arc & Gas)

Risks:

• Severe burns from sparks and heat.

• Eye damage from welding arc (flash burn).

• Gas explosion risk (for gas welding).

Control Measures:

• Always wear welding helmet and gloves.

• Ensure proper ventilation for fumes.

• Store gas cylinders upright and secured.

• Check gas fittings for leaks before use.

Hand Tools

Risks:

• Lacerations or impact injuries from misuse.

• Puncture wounds from sharp tools.

Control Measures:

• Keep tools in good condition.

• Use the right tool for the job.

• Store tools properly to prevent tripping hazards.

Chainsaws

Risks:

• Severe lacerations or amputations.

• Kickback leading to loss of control.

• Hearing damage.

Control Measures:

• Only trained and authorized staff may use chainsaws.

• Never use a chainsaw alone.

• Wear full PPE (helmet, chaps, gloves, glasses, ear protection).

• Ensure escape routes are clear.

• Always maintain a firm grip with both hands.

Fencing Equipment (Including Strainers)

Risks:

• Hand injuries from tensioned wire.

• Impact injuries from snapping wire.

Control Measures:

• Wear heavy-duty gloves.

• Use proper technique to tension wire safely.

Line Trimmer

Risks:

• Flying debris causing eye injuries.

• Lacerations from contact with blade.

Control Measures:

• Wear safety glasses and face shield.

• Do not remove guards.

• Avoid using near bystanders.

Generator

Risks:

• Electrocution risk in wet conditions.

• Carbon monoxide poisoning in enclosed spaces.

Control Measures:

• Only operate in dry conditions.

• Use a circuit breaker.

• Place generators outdoors with proper ventilation.

28. Falls – High Injury Risk

Risks:

• Falls from height (silos, vats, ladders).

• Slippery surfaces (feed pad, shed steps, middle pit).

• Injury from falling onto hard surfaces.

Control Measures:

• Use handrails and provided steps—never climb onto vats or silos.

• Keep surfaces clean—hose down algae growth monthly.

• Wear appropriate footwear with good grip.

29. Crushing Danger – High Injury Risk

Risks:

• High risk under platform and on the bridge.

• Serious injuries from backing gates, vet crush, and animals.

Control Measures:

• Pull the red emergency cord before working under the platform.

• Communicate with others before entering hazardous areas.

• Always have an escape route when working with animals.

• Remain clear of backing gates—expect them to move at any time.

• Check the condition of ropes on backing gates regularly.

30. Animal Hazards – High Risk

Risks:

• Kicking, crushing, or pushing injuries.

• Particularly hazardous when administering drugs.

Control Measures:

• Be firm but quiet when handling animals.

• Follow Worksafe guidance and always have an escape route.

31. Chemical Hazards – High Risk

Risks:

• Mixing alkali and acid can create deadly mustard gas.

• Carcinogenic properties and severe burns from chemicals.

• Toxic refrigerant leak from the cooling system.

• Explosion and fire risks from stored hazardous substances.

Control Measures:

• Refer to Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for first aid information.

• Never mix chemicals without proper knowledge.

• If refrigerant leak is detected, call management immediately.

• Store spray cans away from heat sources.

32. Hot Water Hazards

Risks:

• Severe burns from pipes and hot cylinders.

• Risk of gumboots filling with hot water.

Control Measures:

• Secure cylinders to prevent earthquake hazards.

• Wear PPE—long sleeves, milking aprons, safety glasses, gloves.

33. Pressurised Water & Air Systems

Risks:

• Injury from plant wash air purge.

• Injury from pressurised teat spray and drafting systems.

Control Measures:

• Do not remove hoses or fittings unless pressure is confirmed released.

34. Confined Spaces – High Risk

Risks:

• Asphyxiation, burns, and chemical exposure in confined spaces.

• High risk of suffocation in milk vats and silos.

Control Measures:

• Never enter a confined space without a buddy system.

• If vat entry is necessary, call Fonterra Assets team.

35. Electrical Hazards – High Risk

Risks:

• Electrocution risk in plant room and buried cables.

• Risk of electrical shock in wet areas.

• Extension cord at vet crush is particularly high risk.

Control Measures:

• Use Residual Current Devices (RCDs) when plugging in equipment.

• Do not open protective covers of electrical equipment.

• Keep electrical outlets dry—be mindful when using hoses.

36. Drugs & Needles – High Risk

Risks:

• Toxic exposure and injury from accidental needle sticks.

Control Measures:

• Dispose of used needles in the sharps bin.

• Only remove needle cover when ready to use.

37. Automated Equipment

Risks:

• Drafting gates and irrigators may operate at any time.

Control Measures:

• Remain clear of automated equipment during operation.

38. High Pressure Hoses & Equipment

Risks:

• Tripping hazards from hoses on the floor.

Control Measures:

• Store hoses against walls.

• Turn off taps when not in use.

39. Dust Hazards

Risks:

• Eye and respiratory irritation from dust.

Control Measures:

• Use dust masks and protective eyewear when needed.

40. Zoological Disease (Cryptosporidium, Leptospirosis, etc.)

Risks:

• Risk of infection from animal fluids.

Control Measures:

• Use PPE and practice good hygiene.

• Avoid direct contact with animal fluids.

41. Effluent Ponds – High Drowning Risk

Risks:

• High risk of drowning if falling in.

• Children are at particular risk.

Control Measures:

• Two people must be present if working near the pond.

• Keep gates closed and supervise children.

42. Grain Mill & Silos

Risks:

• Crushing risk from grain mill.

• High fall and asphyxiation risk from silos.

Control Measures:

• Keep hands clear of the grain mill.

• Do not climb or enter silos on stands.

• Ground silos can be entered, but never alone.

• Remove ladders when silos are not in use to prevent climbing.

43. Grain Augers

Risks:

• Risk of entanglement with auger screw.

Control Measures:

• Only operate augers with guards in place.

• Disable augers before entering a silo.

44. Backing Gates – Medium Crushing Risk

Risks:

• The operator cannot see the gates when pushing the button.

Control Measures:

• Remain clear of gates and always expect movement.

• Regularly inspect ropes and replace if worn.

45. Yards – High Risk of Injury from Animals

Risks:

• Crushing and kicking hazards in the yards.

Control Measures:

• Always have an escape route.

46. Vet Crush – High Kicking Risk

Risks:

• Severe injury if caught in kicking range.

Control Measures:

• Minimise time in the danger zone.

47. Occupational Overuse Syndrome (Repetitive Strain Injury)

Risks:

• Injuries from repetitive milking or farm work.

Control Measures:

• Rotate tasks, swap hands, and take breaks when necessary.

Kakanui

Risk Analysis Report

1. Steep and Slippery Slopes

Hazards: Slides, collisions, loss of control, falls. Risk Factors: Rainfall, irrigation, vehicle type, cliff at property edge. Controls:

• Use quad bikes rather than utes or two-wheelers if surfaces are slippery.

• Opt for two-wheel motorbikes where possible due to lower fall risk.

• Use alternative routes when traction loss is possible.

• Maintain a run-out plan; avoid areas with no run-out options.

• Exercise extreme caution in low visibility conditions.

• Inspect slopes for new slips after rain or heavy seas.

• Limit tractor use near cliff edges; walk to assess stability before necessary operations.

2. Uneven, Rough, Soft, and Boggy Ground

Hazards: Loss of control, collisions, roll-over. Risk Factors: Terrain changes, weather, animal activity (bull ruts, pivot ruts). Controls:

• Report holes or bogs to management for fixing.

• Exercise caution in areas with known bull ruts or pivot ruts.

3. Waterways and Drowning Risks

Hazards: Drowning, strong currents. Risk Factors: Age, supervision level, proximity to the sea. Controls:

• Children under 8 must be directly supervised by someone over 16.

4. Fire Risks

Hazards: Vegetation and structural fires. Risk Factors: Dry weather, flammable materials, ignition sources. Controls:

• Use irrigation offtakes as firefighting water sources.

• Store flammable materials safely.

5. Heavy Machinery Operation

Hazards: Collisions, roll-overs. Risk Factors: Lane conditions, operator awareness. Controls:

• Keep left on lanes.

• Use rotating beacons when fitted.

6. Worker Presence and Communication

Hazards: Accidents caused by miscommunication or unexpected movement. Risk Factors: Speed, visibility, distractions. Controls:

• Maintain low speeds.

• Communicate effectively with other workers.

7. Manual Handling

Hazards: Lifting injuries. Risk Factors: Object weight, shape, technique. Controls:

• Use two people for weights over 25kg.

• Handle calves alone to minimize risk.

8. Blind Corners and Rises

Hazards: Collisions. Risk Factors: Speed, visibility. Controls:

• Keep left and adhere to speed limits.

9. Noise Hazards

Hazards: Hearing damage. Risk Factors: Equipment noise levels. Controls:

• Wear hearing protection when using loud equipment.

10. Chemical Hazards

Hazards: Fire, explosion, toxicity, skin contact risks. Risk Factors: Improper storage, lack of PPE. Controls:

• Store chemicals in original containers with warning labels.

• Avoid contact with hormone treatments and herbicides if pregnant.

• Use nitrile gloves, masks, safety glasses, cotton overalls, and gumboots.

11. Animal Handling

Hazards: Crushing, kicking. Risk Factors: Yard conditions, animal temperament. Controls:

• Follow Worksafe guidance.

• Maintain escape routes.

• Remain alert for sudden animal movements.

12. Public Roads

Hazards: High-speed traffic, blind corners, intersections. Risk Factors: Road width, vehicle types. Controls:

• Follow road rules, keep left, and allow faster traffic past.

• Ensure stock are secured to prevent road collisions.

• Use signs, rotating beacons, and adequate staff when shifting stock.

13. Electrical Hazards

Hazards: Electrocution. Risk Factors: Overhead wires, underground cables. Controls:

• Maintain 4m clearance from overhead wires.

• Check for underground cables before digging.

14. High-Pressure Water Systems

Hazards: Injury from high-pressure bursts. Risk Factors: Electrical conductivity, system failure. Controls:

• Isolate electricity and pressure before working on systems.

15. Overground Pipework

Hazards: Falls from two-wheelers. Risk Factors: Pipe placement, speed. Controls:

• Ride slowly and stay alert for pipes.

16. Fire Extinguishers

Hazards: Pressurized cylinder risks. Risk Factors: Incorrect handling. Controls:

• Handle with care; maintain every five years.

17. Water Troughs

Hazards: Unexpected obstacles for vehicles. Risk Factors: Location. Controls:

• Learn trough locations and drive slowly.

18. Tape Gates

Hazards: Eye or skin injury from elastic recoil. Risk Factors: Release method. Controls:

• Release carefully; consider safer handle designs.

19. Offal Handling

Hazards: Pathogen exposure. Risk Factors: Decomposing matter, direct contact. Controls:

• Remain in tractor cabin when burying carcasses.

• Use PPE when handling decomposed material.

20. Firearms

Hazards: Accidental discharge, ricochet. Risk Factors: Limited safe firing zones, public visibility. Controls:

• Only licensed and trained individuals to handle firearms.

• Follow the seven firearm safety rules.

21. Electric Fences

Hazards: Minor electrocution. Risk Factors: Unfamiliar visitors. Controls:

• Warn visitors about electric fences.

22. Environmental Hazards

Hazards: Sunburn, hypothermia, poor visibility. Risk Factors: Weather conditions. Controls:

• Wear appropriate clothing and sunblock.

23. Bale Stacks

Hazards: Falling objects. Risk Factors: Stack stability, proximity. Controls:

• Do not climb stacks.

• Place stacks away from cliffs.

Conclusion: This farm has numerous high-risk hazards that require ongoing assessment and strict adherence to safety controls. Regular training, hazard reporting, and the implementation of best practices will significantly reduce risks and improve safety for all personnel and visitors.

McEwans

Risk Analysis Report

1. Steep and Slippery Slopes

• Hazards: High risk of slides and collisions, particularly after rainfall or irrigation.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Use a quad bike or tractor instead of a ute or two-wheeler on slippery slopes.

  • Opt for alternative routes if traction is in doubt.

  • Use two-wheel motorbikes where possible to minimize injury in case of a fall.

  • Plan escape routes in case of sliding.

  • Extra caution is needed at night and in low visibility conditions.

2. Uneven, Rough, or Boggy Ground

• Hazards: Increased risk of losing control, collision, or rollover.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Regularly inspect and report any holes, bogs, or pivot ruts to management.

  • Avoid high-speed travel over rough terrain.

  • Maintain awareness of developing ground hazards.

3. Waterways and Flooding

• Hazards: Drowning risk from unfenced ponds and Waiareka stream; flood risks.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Children under eight must be supervised by someone over sixteen.

  • Stay out of floodwaters unless necessary for safety.

  • Prioritize human safety over livestock during floods.

  • Ensure stock is placed on high ground ahead of flooding events.

4. Bridge Safety

• Hazards: Weight limits may be exceeded by large tractors and loaded silage wagons.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Observe the maximum weight limit of 7,500 kg.

  • Use alternative routes if transporting heavy loads.

5. Irrigation Hydrants

• Hazards: Offset hydrants pose a collision and high-pressure hazard.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Maintain awareness of hydrant locations.

  • Reduce speed near hydrants.

6. Fire Risk

• Hazards: High fire risk in vegetation and buildings.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Use irrigation offtakes and Waiareka Creek as firefighting water sources.

  • Keep firefighting equipment accessible and maintained.

7. Heavy Machinery and Worker Safety

• Hazards: High risk of collision, particularly with trucks and tractors.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Keep left on lanes.

  • Use rotating beacons if fitted.

  • Communicate and maintain low speeds.

  • Be aware of other workers at all times.

8. Manual Handling

• Hazards: Risk of lifting injuries.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Use two people for lifting items over 25 kg, except for calves.

9. Blind Corners and Rises

• Hazards: High risk of collisions.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Keep left and adhere to speed limits.

10. Noise Hazards

• Hazards: Risk of hearing loss from loud machinery.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Wear hearing protection when using chainsaws, power tools, and non-cab tractors.

11. Chemical Hazards

• Hazards: Risk of explosion, fire, corrosion, and toxicity.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Store chemicals in original containers with warning labels.

  • Avoid contact, especially during pregnancy.

  • Use appropriate PPE (gloves, mask, glasses, overalls, gumboots).

12. Animal Handling

• Hazards: Risk of crushing, kicking, and unpredictable behavior.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Follow WorkSafe guidance.

  • Maintain escape routes.

  • Be firm but quiet with animals.

13. Bulls

• Hazards: High risk of injury.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Always maintain an escape route and monitor bull movements.

14. Children on Farm

• Hazards: High risk of injury or getting lost.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Ensure children are supervised at all times.

  • Notify parents if an unattended child is found.

15. Public Roads and Traffic

• Hazards: High-speed traffic and risk of collision.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Follow road rules and keep left.

  • Double-check stock enclosures.

  • Use signage and beacons when shifting stock.

  • Be cautious of ice, especially near the bridge.

16. Electrical Hazards

• Hazards: High electrocution risk from overhead and underground power lines.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Maintain a 4m clearance from overhead wires.

  • Verify underground cable locations before digging.

17. High-Pressure Water

• Hazards: Injury from high-pressure systems.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Isolate electricity and pressure before working on systems.

  • Keep clear of traveling irrigators and overground pipework.

18. Fire Extinguishers

• Hazards: Pressurized gas cylinder risk.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Handle with care and maintain every five years.

19. Water Troughs

• Hazards: Unexpected obstacles.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Learn their locations and drive slowly.

20. Tape Gates

• Hazards: Wire hooks causing injury if released dangerously.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Release carefully and consider safer designs.

21. Offal and Dead Animals

• Hazards: Pathogen exposure.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Remain in tractor when burying.

  • Use PPE when handling compost.

22. Firearms

• Hazards: High risk of accidental shooting.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Follow firearm safety rules.

  • Restrict usage to licensed and trained operators.

23. Electric Fences

• Hazards: Low electrocution risk.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Ensure visitors do not touch fences.

24. Environmental Hazards

• Hazards: Extreme weather conditions.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Wear appropriate clothing and use sun protection.

25. Bale Stacks and Hay Barns

• Hazards: Risk of falling or collapse.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Do not climb.

  • Position away from steep drops.

  • Keep children away from hay barns.

26. Silos

• Hazards: Suffocation and fall risk.

• Mitigation Measures:

  • Never enter full silos.

  • Use a buddy system when entering silos.

  • Wear a harness when climbing.

Conclusion This risk analysis outlines hazards and corresponding mitigation strategies to enhance farm safety. Regular training, clear communication, and adherence to safety protocols will reduce accidents and improve farm operations.

Quad Bikes

Risk Analysis: Quad Bike and Side-by-Side Use

Quad Bike Use

Hazards and Risks:

1. Lack of Training - Increased risk of loss of control and roll-over accidents if operated by an untrained user.

2. Head Injury - Severe injury or fatality risk if a helmet is not worn during operation.

3. Roll-Over Accidents - High risk, especially on uneven terrain, steep slopes, or when not using active riding techniques.

4. Overloading - Exceeding the 30kg front and 60kg rear capacity can affect balance, leading to instability and tipping.

5. Excessive Speed - Speeds above 40kph reduce reaction time and increase the likelihood of rollovers.

6. Unsafe Towing Practices - Exceeding the 450kg towing limit or using inappropriate trailers (e.g., car trailers) increases instability.

7. Trailer-Related Risks - A tipped trailer can flip the entire quad bike, particularly with high centre-of-gravity loads like dusters or liquid-filled spray trailers.

8. Off-Track Use in Gullies - Increased risk of getting stuck, rolling over, or losing control.

9. Mechanical Failures - Daily pre-use checks (T.C.L.O.W.C.: Tyres, Controls, Lights, Oil, Water, Chassis) reduce risk of equipment failure.

10. Passenger Carrying - Increases instability; should only be done in emergencies, at low speeds, and on even terrain.

11. Unnecessary Accessories - Risk of entanglement or increased injury severity in accidents.

12. Throttle Accidents - Unintentional throttle engagement when dismounting or transporting animals (e.g., calves) can lead to sudden movement and injuries.

13. Road Use and 4WD Mode - Different traction and handling dynamics can make control more difficult.

14. Lack of Communication - Without a phone or radio, emergency response time may be delayed in case of an accident.

Risk Mitigation Measures:

• Only use a quad bike if no other vehicle is suitable.

• Do not operate a quad bike without proper training.

• Helmets are mandatory at all times.

• Use active riding techniques to maintain balance.

• Follow loading limits strictly (30kg front, 60kg rear).

• Adhere to the 40kph speed limit.

• Only tow quad-bike-specific trailers within the 450kg capacity limit.

• Be cautious when towing high-centre-of-gravity loads.

• Stay on designated tracks and avoid gullies.

• Conduct daily pre-use checks using T.C.L.O.W.C.

• Carry passengers only if necessary, and only on even terrain at low speeds.

• Avoid attaching unnecessary accessories.

• Be mindful when dismounting to prevent throttle engagement.

• Take extra care when riding on roads or in 4WD mode.

• Always carry a phone or other communication device.

Side-by-Side Vehicle Use

Hazards and Risks:

1. Failure to Wear Helmet - Increased head injury risk in roll-over or collision incidents.

2. Failure to Use Seat Belt - Higher risk of ejection and severe injuries in an accident.

3. Failure to Secure Door and Net - Risk of limb entrapment or crushing by the Roll Over Protection Device (ROPS).

Risk Mitigation Measures:

• Helmets must be worn at all times.

• Seat belts must be used whenever operating the vehicle.

• Doors and safety nets must be closed to prevent injuries.

By following these guidelines, the risk of accidents and injuries while using quad bikes and side-by-side vehicles can be significantly reduced.

Tractors

Tractor Use Risk Analysis

Hazards & Risk Mitigation

General Safety

• Unauthorized Access: Do not leave keys in the ignition to prevent children from accessing tractors unsupervised.

• Parking Protocol: Reverse into parks so the next operator can approach from the front, ensuring visibility into the bucket for potential hazards.

• Seatbelt Use: Must always be worn.

• Mounting/Dismounting: Use three points of contact. Never get on or off a moving tractor.

• Start-Up Safety: Only start the tractor from the driver’s seat.

• Blindspots: Be aware when reversing.

• Brakes: Couple brake pedals when driving on roads to prevent loss of control.

• No-Go Zones: Learn and adhere to restricted areas on the farm.

• Fatigue and Alertness: Do not operate the tractor when feeling rushed, tired, or sick.

2WD Tractors

• Loss of Control Risk: Less grip on front wheels can cause freewheeling. Avoid use on slopes in wet conditions.

• Weight Distribution: Be aware that a heavy front load may lift the rear drive wheels off the ground, reducing control.

• Hydraulic Oil Levels: Check regularly to ensure brakes function properly.

Towing and Implements

• Marshall Trailers: Can slide in wet conditions, causing jack-knifing. Ensure bales are securely stacked.

• PTO Shafts: Do not wear loose clothing or have long hair untied near moving parts. Shut off the tractor before attaching implements. PTO shafts must have a guard.

• Hydraulics: Never work near hydraulic hoses under pressure or underneath hydraulic equipment.

• Attachment Protocols: Never position yourself between the tractor and an implement unless the tractor is in park.

• Silage Wagons: Maintain a clear run-out area.

• Fork Positioning: On the road, arms up with forks down; adjust for overhead lines.

• Quick Hitch Attachments: Ensure proper securing, as a failure can lead to severe damage.

• Mower/Baler Safety: Never leave a mower running unattended or attempt to unblock a baler while it is running.

• Passengers: Only permitted if no alternative is available.

Terrain Considerations

• Pre-Check Unfamiliar Terrain: Walk the area if unsure of the ground conditions.

• Uphill Driving: Select a high gear at the bottom and change down using buttons without the clutch.

• Downhill Driving: Use a gear with braking, remove brakes if sliding, increase revs, and change up gears to regain control.

• Slopes and Differential Lock: Drive straight up/down where possible. Engage diff lock to prevent wheel slip but note difficulty in turning.

• Tyre Suitability: Standard farm tyres are not ideal for steep terrain; alternative solutions may be needed.

• Embankments & Edges: Risk of giving way or sliding—proceed with caution.

Road Use & Electrical Hazards

• Licensing & Load Limits: Ensure the driver has the required license and does not exceed weight limits.

• Power Lines: If contact occurs, keep driving and call for assistance.

• Bird Nests: Leave bonnets up to ensure the next operator checks for fire hazards.

• Fire Extinguishers: Familiarize yourself with removal procedures for quick response.

• Communication: Consider phone reception in case of emergencies.

Emergency Procedures

Roll-Over Incident

• If Losing Control:
  
  

  • Brace yourself.

  • Turn off the key.

  • Exit and keep clear in case of further movement.

  • Call 111 for medical assistance if needed.

  • Notify the farm manager and owner, who will involve the H&S manager for investigation.

  • Leave the scene undisturbed for insurance assessment.

• If Discovering a Roll-Over:
  
  

  • Assess safety before approaching (e.g., power lines, fire risk).

  • Provide first aid as needed.

  • Call 111 for medical assistance.

  • Notify farm management.

  • Leave the scene undisturbed for insurance and WorkSafe investigation.

Tractor Fire

• If Fire Occurs:

  • Exit with the fire extinguisher.

  • Discharge the extinguisher while keeping the bonnet closed.

  • If the fire spreads, do not re-enter the tractor.

  • Call farm management and emergency services if needed.

  • Pull over safely to use a phone if needed.

This analysis outlines key risks and their mitigations to ensure safe tractor operation on the farm. Regular safety checks, adherence to protocols, and emergency preparedness are essential to minimize hazards.

Chemicals

Risk Analysis: Hazardous Chemicals on Farms

1. Chemical Hazards Overview

Farm chemicals, including drenches, insecticides, herbicides, acids, alkali, veterinary drugs (e.g., hormone treatments), and dosatron nutrients, pose various risks ranging from toxicity, irritation, corrosive damage, organ damage, and reproductive harm.

2. General Safety Measures

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn as specified in the Safety Data Sheets (SDS) when handling any chemical.

• Always read and follow the manufacturer's instructions for use, storage, and disposal of chemicals.

• Keep chemicals in their original, labeled containers to avoid accidental misuse.

• Store chemicals in a secure, ventilated area away from food, water sources, and incompatible substances.

3. Specific Chemical Risks and Precautions

Dosatron Nutrients

• Pose general toxicity risks and have links to cancer and reproductive harm.

• PPE, including gloves, masks, and protective eyewear, must be worn.

• Minimize the creation of dust to reduce inhalation risks.

Drenches (Particularly Pour-Ons)

• Highly toxic, particularly through skin absorption and inhalation.

• Always wear nitrile gloves and avoid direct skin contact.

• Use in well-ventilated areas and wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Acid and Alkali Handling

• Extremely hazardous when mixed, leading to violent reactions and toxic gas production.

• Do not scrub dairy shed floors with alkali during an acid wash as they may mix in drains.

• Always neutralize and clean up spills according to SDS recommendations.

Oils

• Many are carcinogenic and can cause long-term health issues with repeated exposure.

• Gloves should always be worn when handling oils to prevent skin absorption.

Insecticides

• Generally more toxic than herbicides and should only be used when absolutely necessary.

• Require full PPE, including respirators in enclosed areas.

• Avoid inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact.

Herbicides (Particularly for Fodder Beets)

• Highly toxic with potential long-term health effects.

• Always apply with PPE and adhere strictly to application guidelines.

• Keep out of reach of animals and children.

4. Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

• Essential in case of chemical injury for appropriate medical treatment.

• Keep SDS for all chemicals stored on-site.

• If an SDS is missing, search online or request a copy from the supplier.

5. Spill Kits and Emergency Procedures

• Spill Kits are stored in the blue drum at the chemical storage by the woolshed.

• In the event of a spill:

  • Follow the SDS guidelines for containment and cleanup.

  • Wear appropriate PPE.

  • Dispose of waste safely as per regulations.

• In case of chemical exposure:

  • Immediately rinse affected areas with clean water.

  • Seek medical assistance and provide the doctor with the relevant SDS.

6. Storage and Disposal

• Store chemicals in a locked, designated chemical shed with clear labeling.

• Keep incompatible substances apart to prevent hazardous reactions.

• Dispose of expired or unused chemicals through approved hazardous waste disposal services.

• Never pour chemicals down drains or into water sources.

7. Training and Awareness

• All farm workers must be trained in safe chemical handling procedures.

• Emergency procedures, including spill response and first aid, should be reviewed regularly.

• Clear signage and hazard communication should be in place in all chemical storage and handling areas.

By following these guidelines, the risk associated with hazardous chemicals on farms can be minimized, ensuring a safer working environment for all personnel.

Chemical Quick Reference

List of chemicals prioritized in order of their degree of hazard, considering classifications such as acute toxicity, corrosiveness, carcinogenicity, environmental hazards, and regulatory requirements:

High Hazard (Most Dangerous)

1. XY-12 (8.2C, 8.3A, 9.1A) – Corrosive to skin and eyes, highly hazardous to the environment.

2. Avoid (Ecolab) (8.1A, 8.2B, 8.3A, 9.1D) – Highly corrosive, environmental risk.

3. Aquaklenz HV (8.1A, 8.2B, 8.3A, 9.1D) – Corrosive to skin and eyes, environmental concerns.

4. Clydesdale Custom Blend (Livestock Supplies) (6.1D, 6.3A, 6.5A, 6.5B, 6.6B, 6.7B, 6.8B, 6.9B, 8.3A, 9.1A, 9.1B, 9.3C) – Toxic, potential carcinogen, mutagenic, reproductive toxicity, and environmental risks.

5. Hibitane 2 (6.1E, 8.3A, 9.1A, 9.1B) – Corrosive to eyes, toxic, high environmental hazard.

Moderate Hazard

6. Baton 800WSG (6.1D, 6.3B, 6.4A, 6.5B, 6.9A, 9.1A, 9.2A, 9.3B) – Toxic, irritant, sensitizer, high environmental risks.

7. Tordon Brushkiller XT (3.1D, 6.1D, 6.3B, 6.4A, 6.5B, 6.9B, 9.1A, 9.2A, 9.3C) – Flammable, toxic, environmental risks.

8. Ripcord Plus (6.1E, 6.5B, 6.9B, 9.1A, 9.3C, 9.4B) – Toxic to humans and animals, environmental hazard.

9. Pestoff Treated Barley (6.1D, 6.9B, 9.3C) – Toxic and affects organ systems.

10. AFFINITY FORCE (6.1E, 6.3B, 6.4A, 6.9B, 9.1A, 9.2A) – Toxic, irritant, and environmental risk.

11. Crest 520 (6.1D, 6.3B, 6.4A, 6.9B, 9.1A, 9.3B) – Toxic and harmful to the environment.

12. Pulse Penetrant (6.1D, 6.4A, 6.9B, 9.1B) – Toxic, irritant, environmental hazard.

13. Pycus (6.3B, 6.4A, 6.5B, 6.9B, 9.1B, 9.2A) – Harmful, irritant, environmental risks.

14. Crucial (6.1E, 9.1B) – Toxic and environmentally hazardous.

15. Dictate (Nufarm) (6.1D, 6.4A, 6.5B, 9.1C, 9.3C) – Toxic and environmental risks.

Lower Hazard (Less Dangerous)

16. Trakka Red Marker (6.3B, 6.4A) – Minor irritant.

17. Valdo 800WG (9.1A, 9.2A) – Environmental risk but not highly toxic to humans.

18. Valvoline Farmplus Hydratrans – No major hazard classifications.

19. Farmguard Magnesium Chloride Prill – No major hazard classifications.

20. Bioag Soil and Seed – No major hazard classifications.

This prioritization considers the potential harm to human health, corrosiveness, flammability, toxicity, and environmental impact.